TUGHYL, KAZAKHSTAN

Average Temperature

Years on Record: 112

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
C		5.3		-15.2		-14.1		-4.9		8.1		16.1		21.3		23.5		21.7		15.9		7.1		-3.8		-12.5

Average High Temperature

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
C		10.5		-10.1		-8.5		0.5		13.8		21.8		26.7		28.9		27.2		21.6		11.9		0.3		-7.9

Average Low Temperature

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
C		-0.9		-19.8		-18.9		-9.7		1.5		8.7		13.9		16.4		14		8.1		0.8		-8.5		-16.7

Average Precipitation

Years on Record: 112

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
mm		226.9		12.7		12.4		11.6		18.6		26.2		19.9		26.5		16.5		15.9		25		24.4		17.2

Average Number of Days With Precipitation

Years on Record: 112

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		109.2		9.3		8.1		8.5		8.8		9.7		8.9		9.4		8		7.1		9.8		10.6		11

Average Number of Days With Frost

Years on Record: 112

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		170.4		30.4		27.6		28.1		12.1		0.7		---		---		---		1.1		13.5		26.9		30

Average Relative Humidity

Years on Record: 112

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
%		65		90.3		90.8		81.5		54.1		46.9		46.2		47.4		46.6		48.1		60.1		78.2		89.3

Average Dew Point

Years on Record: 112

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
C		-0.8		-16.4		-15.3		-7.6		-0.6		4.8		9.3		11.7		9.8		4.9		-0.1		-7		-13.9

Heating Degree Days

Years on Record: 112

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		5092.4		1039.4		916.1		720.1		306.9		69.1		---		---		---		72.9		348.1		663.9		955.7

Cooling Degree Days

Years on Record: 112

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		353.8		---		---		---		---		---		89.1		160.3		104.5		---		---		---		---

Growing Degree Days

Years on Record: 112

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		1486.3		---		---		---		---		189.1		339		418.5		362.7		177		---		---		---

Average Vapor Pressure

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
mbar		6		1.6		1.8		3.3		5.4		7.8		10.6		12.3		10.7		7.7		5.5		3.3		2

Average Length of Day

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Hours		12.8		9.5		10.8		12.5		12.5		15.8		16.6		16.2		14.8		13.1		11.3		9.9		9.1

Average Possibility of Sunshine

Years on Record: 112

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
%		57.8		47.3		54.8		55.5		60.2		61.8		65.1		68.6		71.3		67.4		54.2		45.1		42.4

Average Percent of Cloud Cover

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
%		50.1		55		51		50		48		47		55		45		43		37		51		63		56

Average Wind Speed

Years on Record: 112

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
km/h		35.3		27.4		25.9		32.4		43.9		47.9		42.8		37.4		34.9		36.4		36.4		33.8		24.5

Average Daily Solar Radiation - Global

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		14.2		5		8.2		13.1		18.1		22.3		24.4		22.9		20.2		16		10.1		5.8		4

Average Daily Solar Radiation - Diffuse

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		6.2		2.9		4.3		6.3		7.6		8.9		9.5		9.1		8		6.8		4.9		3.3		2.5

Average Daily Solar Radiation - Reflected

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		15.9		8.7		12.9		17.4		19.2		20.6		21.1		20.4		20.2		18.8		14.2		10.2		7.4

Average Daily Solar Radiation - Direct

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		16.1		7.9		11.3		14.9		19.3		22.6		24.5		22.8		21.5		18.6		13.6		8.7		6.6

Maximum Daily Solar Radiation - Global

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		14.2		5		8.2		13.1		18.1		22.3		24.4		22.9		20.2		16		10.1		5.8		4

Maximum Daily Solar Radiation - Diffuse

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		6.7		3.4		4.7		6.8		7.9		9.3		10		10		8.5		7.3		5.3		3.6		2.8

Maximum Daily Solar Radiation - Reflected

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		18.4		10.9		15.4		20.4		22.1		22.9		23.3		23.6		22.5		21		16.9		11.9		9.3

Maximum Daily Solar Radiation - Direct

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		19.1		10.3		13.9		18.3		23.5		26.1		27.9		27.5		24.6		21.1		16.8		10.4		8.6

Minimum Daily Solar Radiation - Global

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		12.1		3.9		6.3		11.7		14.4		19		21.4		20.6		17.6		14.3		8.4		4.5		3.4

Minimum Daily Solar Radiation - Diffuse

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		5.9		2.5		3.5		6		7.5		8.8		9.4		9.1		8		6.5		4.3		2.7		2.2

Minimum Daily Solar Radiation - Reflected

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		13.3		6.4		9.4		15		15.2		17.5		18.5		18.4		17.4		16.6		11.4		7.5		6.1

Minimum Daily Solar Radiation - Direct

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		12.4		5.5		7.8		12.5		12.5		17		19.5		19		16.9		15.8		10.5		6.1		5.2