PALMERSTON NORTH - MASSEY UNIVERSITY, NEW ZEALAND

Average Temperature

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
F		55.9		64.2		64.8		61.9		57.4		52.5		48.6		47.5		48.7		51.8		54.9		57.7		61.3

Average High Temperature

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
F		63.5		72.3		73.2		70		65.1		59.5		55.6		54.5		55.9		58.8		62.1		65.3		69.3

Average Low Temperature

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
F		48.4		55.9		56.3		53.8		49.6		45.3		41.7		40.5		41.7		45		47.7		50.4		53.6

Highest Recorded Temperature

Years on Record: 36

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
F		91.4		86.7		91.4		88.3		81.9		75.4		68.5		66.6		66.7		72.3		77.4		81.9		85.6

Lowest Recorded Temperature

Years on Record: 36

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
F		25.9		39		36.9		35.6		30.2		25.9		25.9		26.2		27.7		27.9		29.1		32.9		35.8

Average Number of Days Above 80F/26C

Years on Record: 36

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		17.6		5.8		6.1		3.4		0.3		---		---		---		---		---		---		0.2		1.8

Average Number of Days With Hail

Years on Record: 36

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		4.1		0.2		0.1		0.1		0.1		0.4		0.5		0.6		0.6		0.7		0.3		0.4		0.1

Average Evaporation Rate

Years on Record: 37

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
in		32.9		4.8		4.2		3.5		2.3		1.4		1.1		1.1		1.5		2.1		2.8		3.7		4.3

Average Rainfall

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
in		10.6		0.7		0.7		0.8		0.8		1		1		1		0.9		0.9		1		0.9		0.9

Average Number of Rainy Days

Years on Record: 37

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		167.2		10.7		9.2		11.5		11.6		15.6		16.5		16.8		16.5		16.3		16.1		13.1		13.3

Average Number of Days With Thunderstorms

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		4.7		0.5		0.5		0.3		0.2		0.6		0.1		0.4		0.4		0.3		0.4		0.6		0.4

Most Rain Reported in a Day

Years on Record: 37

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
in		3.8		2.1		3.1		3.6		2.3		2.3		3.8		3.2		1.9		1.7		2		1.7		2.4

Avg. No. of Days w/Rain Above 0.1in/2mm

Years on Record: 37

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		120.7		7.7		6.4		8.1		8.5		11.2		11.4		12.4		12		11.6		11.9		9.9		9.6

Most Rain Reported in an Hour

Years on Record: 37

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
in		1.1		0.9		1.1		0.7		0.7		0.8		0.6		0.7		0.5		0.5		0.7		0.6		0.9

Most Rain Reported in 6 Hours

Years on Record: 37

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
in		2.4		1.6		2.4		2.1		1.7		1.9		1.9		2.3		1.3		1.2		1.4		1.6		1.6

Most Rain Reported in 48 Hours

Years on Record: 37

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
in		4.7		2.6		3.4		4.7		2.9		2.9		4.1		3.8		2.2		3		2.6		3.7		2.7

Most Rain Reported in 72 Hours

Years on Record: 37

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
in		4.9		2.9		3.6		4.9		2.9		2.9		4.2		4.1		2.5		3.3		3.1		3.7		3

Most Rain Reported in 1/2 Hour

Years on Record: 37

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
in		0.8		0.6		0.6		0.6		0.5		0.6		0.4		0.5		0.3		0.4		0.5		0.5		0.8

Average Number of Days With Snow

Years on Record: 29

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		0.1		---		---		---		---		---		---		0.1		---		---		---		---		---

Av. # of Days w/Snow Depth Above 0.4in/10mm

Years on Record: 20

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		0.1		---		---		---		---		---		---		0.1		---		---		---		---		---

Average Number of Days With Frost

Years on Record: 36

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		9.7		---		---		---		---		0.6		2.8		3.6		2		0.6		0.1		---		---

Average Morning Relative Humidity

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
%		80.7		76.5		78.3		78.2		80.5		85.6		87.7		87.5		84.4		78.9		77.9		76.4		76.6

Heating Degree Days

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		3324.7		24.8		5.7		96.1		228		387.5		492		542.5		505.3		396		313.1		219		114.7

Growing Degree Days

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		2313.9		440.2		418.1		368.9		222		77.5		---		---		---		54		151.9		231		350.3

Average Vapor Pressure

Years on Record: 37

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
InHg		0.4		0.5		0.5		0.4		0.4		0.3		0.3		0.3		0.3		0.3		0.3		0.4		0.4

Average Length of Day

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Hours		12.6		15.2		14.1		12.8		11.5		10.4		9.8		10.1		11.1		12.3		13.7		14.9		15.2

Average Monthly Sunshine

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Hours		1735.6		208.4		189.8		169.8		139.2		105.1		84		103.4		116.6		120.1		147.1		171.5		180.6

Average Number of Days With Fog

Years on Record: 36

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		1		---		0.1		---		---		0.1		0.5		0.1		0.1		---		---		---		0.1

Average Percent of Cloud Cover

Years on Record: 29

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
%		67.1		66.3		62.5		63.8		62.5		66.3		67.5		63.8		66.3		70		73.8		71.3		71.3

Highest Reported Hourly Wind Speed

Years on Record: 33

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
mph		25.4		24.9		23.2		21.7		24.4		23.5		20.9		18.2		20.9		22.2		24.3		25.4		24.3

Average Daily Solar Radiation - Global

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		3.7		5.7		5		4		2.9		2		1.7		1.8		2.5		3.4		4.3		5.2		5.6

Average Daily Solar Radiation - Diffuse

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		1.6		2.5		2.2		1.7		1.2		0.8		0.7		0.8		1		1.5		2		2.5		2.7

Average Daily Solar Radiation - Reflected

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		4.1		5.1		4.9		4.4		3.9		3.2		2.9		3		3.4		3.9		4.4		4.8		4.9

Average Daily Solar Radiation - Direct

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		3.9		4.9		4.6		4.2		3.7		3.2		2.9		3.1		3.3		3.6		3.8		4.3		4.6

Maximum Daily Solar Radiation - Global

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		3.7		5.7		5		4		2.9		2		1.7		1.8		2.5		3.4		4.3		5.2		5.6

Maximum Daily Solar Radiation - Diffuse

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		1.7		2.6		2.2		1.7		1.2		0.9		0.7		0.8		1.1		1.5		2		2.5		2.7

Maximum Daily Solar Radiation - Reflected

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		4.8		5.8		5.6		5.7		4.7		3.7		3.3		3.6		3.9		4.5		5		6.1		5.7

Maximum Daily Solar Radiation - Direct

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		5.1		6.2		5.9		6.2		4.9		4		3.6		3.9		4.1		4.4		4.9		7		6.1

Minimum Daily Solar Radiation - Global

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		3.1		4.4		3.9		3.4		2.5		1.9		1.4		1.5		2.2		3		3.8		4.3		4.5

Minimum Daily Solar Radiation - Diffuse

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		1.5		2.4		2.1		1.5		1.1		0.8		0.7		0.7		1		1.5		2		2.2		2.6

Minimum Daily Solar Radiation - Reflected

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		3.3		4		3.8		3.6		3.1		2.8		2.1		2.2		2.9		3.4		3.7		4		4

Minimum Daily Solar Radiation - Direct

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		2.7		2.9		2.8		2.9		2.7		2.7		2		2		2.7		2.8		2.9		2.9		2.9